2012年10月22日星期一

Chinese tea culture

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Chinese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of tea, the equipment used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China. The terms chayi "Art of Tea 茶藝" and "Tea Ceremony" have been used, but the term "Tea Culture茶文化" includes more than just the ceremony. Also "culture" is easier to translate into English from the Chinese term "art 藝".
Tea culture in China differs from that of Europe, Britain or Japan in such things as preparation methods, tasting methods and the occasions for which it is consumed. Even now, in both casual and formal Chinese occasions, tea is consumed regularly. In addition to being a drink, Chinese tea is used in traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.
For contemporary Chinese, the word "茶" (pinyin: chá) has come to commonly denote the drink that is derived from Camellia sinensis, the tea plant (茶樹/茶树, pinyin: cháshù). Prior to the 8th century BC, the tea was known collectively under the term "荼" (pinyin: tú) along with a great number of other bitter plants. The great similarity of the two characters are notable with the exception of an additional horizontal stroke in 荼. The character is made up of the "艸" (pinyin: cǎo) radical in its reduced form of "艹" and the word "余" which gives the phonetic cue. The plant was later more distinctly identified and was called "檟苦荼" (pinyin: jiǎkǔtú, literally "'evergreen shrub' of bitter 'bitter plant'"), or in simplified forms "苦荼" (pinyin: kǔtú) or "荈" (pinyin: chuǎn).
There are several special circumstances in which tea is prepared and consumed.
As a sign of respect
In Chinese society, the younger generation always shows their respect to the older generation by offering a cup of tea. Inviting their elders to go to restaurants and having some tea is a traditional activity on holidays. In the past, people of lower rank served tea to higher-ranking people. Today, as Chinese society becomes more liberal, sometimes parents may pour a cup of tea for their children, or a boss may even pour tea for subordinates at restaurants. However, the lower-ranking person should not expect the higher-ranking person to serve him or her tea in formal occasions.
For a family gathering
When sons and daughters leave home because of work or get married, they may have few times to visit their parents, and parents may seldom meet their grandchildren as well. Therefore, going to restaurants and drinking tea becomes an important activity for family gatherings. Every Sunday, Chinese restaurants are crowded, especially when people celebrate festivals. This phenomenon reflects Chinese family values.
To apologize
In Chinese culture, people make serious apologies to others by pouring tea for them. For example, children serving tea to their parents is a sign of regret and submission.
To express thanks to your elders on one's wedding day
In the traditional Chinese marriage ceremony, both the bride and groom kneel in front of their parents and serve them tea. That is the most devout way to express their gratitude. In front of their parents, it is a practice for the married couple to say, "Thank you for bringing us up. Now we are getting married. We owe it all to you." The parents will usually drink a small portion of the tea and then give them a red envelope, which symbolizes good luck. Another variant is that the bride serve tea to the groom's parents, symbolizing that she is to become a part of the latter's family.
To connect large families on wedding days
The tea ceremony during a wedding also serves as a means for both parties to meet with each other. As Chinese families can be rather extended, and there may be one or two hundred people, it is entirely possible during a courtship to not have been introduced to someone. This was particularly true in older generations where the patriarch may have had more than one wife and not all family members were always on good terms. As such, during the tea ceremony, the couple would serve tea to all family members and call them by their official title. Drinking the tea symbolized acceptance into the family, while refusing to drink symbolized opposition to the wedding and was quite unheard of since it would result in a loss of "face". Older generations would give a red envelope to the matrimonial couple while the couple would be expected to give red envelopes to the unmarried younger ones.
Folding the napkin in tea ceremonies is a traditional action and is done to keep away bad Qi energy in China as tea (茶) was regarded as one of the seven daily necessities. The others being firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, and vinegar(柴,米,油,鹽,醬,醋).


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stamps:
1.paintings:Pantianshou,Likeran,Huangbinghong,Badashanren,Zhenbanqiao,Shitao,Fubaoshi,hexiangningdunhuang muralsnight revels of hanxizaibeautiful paintingalong river during qingming festivalnymph of luo riveryongle temple muralsemperor taizong and an ambassador of Tibet new year picturemayuanhuang yongyu and lotusni zan87 deities descending from heaven
2.crafts:chicken blood stone carving,qingtian stone carving,shoushan stone carvinglacquerwarekitepaper lanternlongquan celadonceladonjun warefour treasures of studychinese furniture
3.Scenic Area:mount huamount heng(hunan)mount heng(shanxi)mount songli riversanjiangyuan national nature reserveshangri-la
4.Animal:birdsgiant pandapanda
5.Culture heritage:silk roadthe fortifictions of xianmaijishan grottoeschinese tea culturekizil cavesgrand canal
6.World heritage:longmen grottoesmountain resort in chengdeterracotta armywest lakeforbidden citythe temple of heavenmount wutaiold town of lijiangdazu rock carvingsleshan giant buddhayungang grottoessummer palacehuanglong
7.Flowers and plants:bamboometasequoia glyptostroboidesrhododendroncymbidiummagnoliaplumpaphiopedilumliliumcliviarhododendron(2)
8.Opera:kunqu,peking opera(jing),peking opera(chou),peking opera(sheng)
Telephonecards:
1.Paintings:zhaozhiqian,qibaishi,yunshouping,birds andflowers,lanying,chenshuren,dongqichang,shitao,liuyujia,likeran,yanbolong,jincheng,yuanyao,yuanjiang,giuseppe castigliones,renbonian,xubeihong,birds and flower,changdaichien,chengzhang
2.Beauties:four great beauties,beauties,four beauties,beauty
3.Animal:panda
4.Flowers:plum,lotus,bamboo,lotus
5.Crafts:silverware,tea bottle,hand held fan,blue and white wares,soft paste,porcelain,jingdezhen ware,snuff bottles,kites,kite,cloisonne,instrument,bowl,beautiful porcerlain,shoushan stone,jingdezhen ware,zhenbanqiao,blue and white ware

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