2012年11月4日星期日

Peking opera (chou)

                                PRICE:2USD
Peking opera or Beijing opera (simplified Chinese: 京剧; traditional Chinese: 京劇; pinyin: Jīngjù) is a form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performance troupes are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south. The art form is also preserved in Taiwan, where it is known as Guoju (國劇; pinyin: Guójù). It has also spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan.
Peking opera features four main types of performers. Performing troupes often have several of each variety, as well as numerous secondary and tertiary performers. With their elaborate and colorful costumes, performers are the only focal points on Peking opera's characteristically sparse stage. They utilize the skills of speech, song, dance, and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic. Above all else, the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements. Performers also adhere to a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production. The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music. The music of Peking opera can be divided into the Xipi and Erhuang styles. Melodies include arias, fixed-tune melodies, and percussion patterns. The repertoire of Peking opera includes over 1,400 works, which are based on Chinese history, folklore, and, increasingly, contemporary life.
The Chou (丑) is a male clown role. The Chou usually plays secondary roles in a troupe. Indeed, most studies of Peking opera classify the Chou as a minor role. Chou has the meaning "ugly". This reflects the traditional belief that the clown's combination of ugliness and laughter could drive away evil spirits. Chou roles can be divided into Wen Chou, civilian roles such as merchants and jailers, and Wu Chou, minor military roles. The Wu Chou is one of the most demanding in Peking opera, because of its combination of comic acting, acrobatics, and a strong voice. Chou characters are generally amusing and likable, if a bit foolish. Their costumes range from simple for characters of lower status to elaborate, perhaps overly so, for high status characters. Chou characters wear special face paint, called xiaohualian, that differs from that of Jing characters. The defining characteristic of this type of face paint is a small patch of white chalk around the nose. This can represent either a mean and secretive nature or a quick wit.
Beneath the whimsical persona of the Chou, a serious connection to the form of Peking opera exists. The Chou is the character most connected to the guban, the drums and clapper commonly used for musically accompaniment during performances. The Chou actor often uses the guban in solo performance, especially when performing Shu Ban, light-hearted verses spoken for comedic effect. The clown is also connected to the small gong and cymbals, percussion instruments that symbolize the lower classes and the raucous atmosphere inspired by the role. Although Chou characters do not sing frequently, their arias feature large amounts of improvisation. This is considered a license of the role, and the orchestra will accompany the Chou actor even as he bursts into an unscripted folk song. However, due to the standardization of Peking opera and political pressure from government authorities, Chou improvisation has lessened in recent years. The Chou has a vocal timbre that is distinct from other characters, as the character will often speak in the common Beijing dialect, as opposed to the more formal dialects of other characters.

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       My facebook:Dazhi Xiao.
My Gmail:treasureschina@Gmail.
List
stamps:
1.paintings:Pantianshou,Likeran,Huangbinghong,Badashanren,Zhenbanqiao,Shitao,Fubaoshi,hexiangningdunhuang muralsnight revels of hanxizaibeautiful paintingalong river during qingming festivalnymph of luo riveryongle temple muralsemperor taizong and an ambassador of Tibet new year picturemayuanhuang yongyu and lotusni zan87 deities descending from heaven
2.crafts:chicken blood stone carving,qingtian stone carving,shoushan stone carvinglacquerwarekitepaper lanternlongquan celadonceladonjun warefour treasures of studychinese furniture
3.Scenic Area:mount huamount heng(hunan)mount heng(shanxi)mount songli riversanjiangyuan national nature reserveshangri-la
4.Animal:birdsgiant pandapanda
5.Culture heritage:silk roadthe fortifictions of xianmaijishan grottoeschinese tea culturekizil cavesgrand canal
6.World heritage:longmen grottoesmountain resort in chengdeterracotta armywest lakeforbidden citythe temple of heavenmount wutaiold town of lijiangdazu rock carvingsleshan giant buddhayungang grottoessummer palacehuanglong
7.Flowers and plants:bamboometasequoia glyptostroboidesrhododendroncymbidiummagnoliaplumpaphiopedilumliliumcliviarhododendron(2)
8.Opera:kunqu,peking opera(jing),peking opera(chou),peking opera(sheng)
Telephonecards:
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2.Beauties:four great beauties,beauties,four beauties,beauty
3.Animal:panda
4.Flowers:plum,lotus,bamboo,lotus
5.Crafts:silverware,tea bottle,hand held fan,blue and white wares,soft paste,porcelain,jingdezhen ware,snuff bottles,kites,kite,cloisonne,instrument,bowl,beautiful porcerlain,shoushan stone,jingdezhen ware,zhenbanqiao,blue and white ware

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